{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-} {-# LANGUAGE CPP, NoImplicitPrelude #-} #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ {-# LANGUAGE DeriveDataTypeable, StandaloneDeriving #-} #endif ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- | -- Module : Data.Either -- Copyright : (c) The University of Glasgow 2001 -- License : BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE) -- -- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org -- Stability : experimental -- Portability : portable -- -- The Either type, and associated operations. -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- module Data.Either ( Either(..), either, lefts, rights, isLeft, isRight, partitionEithers, ) where #include "Typeable.h" #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ import GHC.Base import GHC.Show import GHC.Read #endif import Data.Typeable #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ {- -- just for testing import Test.QuickCheck -} {-| The 'Either' type represents values with two possibilities: a value of type @'Either' a b@ is either @'Left' a@ or @'Right' b@. The 'Either' type is sometimes used to represent a value which is either correct or an error; by convention, the 'Left' constructor is used to hold an error value and the 'Right' constructor is used to hold a correct value (mnemonic: \"right\" also means \"correct\"). -} data Either a b = Left a | Right b deriving (Eq, Ord, Read, Show) instance Functor (Either a) where fmap _ (Left x) = Left x fmap f (Right y) = Right (f y) instance Monad (Either e) where return = Right Left l >>= _ = Left l Right r >>= k = k r -- | Case analysis for the 'Either' type. -- If the value is @'Left' a@, apply the first function to @a@; -- if it is @'Right' b@, apply the second function to @b@. either :: (a -> c) -> (b -> c) -> Either a b -> c either f _ (Left x) = f x either _ g (Right y) = g y #endif /* __GLASGOW_HASKELL__ */ INSTANCE_TYPEABLE2(Either,eitherTc,"Either") -- | Extracts from a list of 'Either' all the 'Left' elements -- All the 'Left' elements are extracted in order. lefts :: [Either a b] -> [a] lefts x = [a | Left a <- x] -- | Extracts from a list of 'Either' all the 'Right' elements -- All the 'Right' elements are extracted in order. rights :: [Either a b] -> [b] rights x = [a | Right a <- x] -- | Partitions a list of 'Either' into two lists -- All the 'Left' elements are extracted, in order, to the first -- component of the output. Similarly the 'Right' elements are extracted -- to the second component of the output. partitionEithers :: [Either a b] -> ([a],[b]) partitionEithers = foldr (either left right) ([],[]) where left a ~(l, r) = (a:l, r) right a ~(l, r) = (l, a:r) -- | Return `True` if the given value is a `Left`-value, `False` otherwise. isLeft :: Either a b -> Bool isLeft (Left _) = True isLeft (Right _) = False -- | Return `True` if the given value is a `Right`-value, `False` otherwise. isRight :: Either a b -> Bool isRight (Left _) = False isRight (Right _) = True {- {-------------------------------------------------------------------- Testing --------------------------------------------------------------------} prop_partitionEithers :: [Either Int Int] -> Bool prop_partitionEithers x = partitionEithers x == (lefts x, rights x) -}